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See also:
U+5948, 奈
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5948

[U+5947]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5949]
U+F90C, 奈
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F90C

[U+F90B]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F90D]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 37, +5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大一一火 (KMMF), four-corner 40901, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 251, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5893
  • Dae Jaweon: page 511, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 532, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5948

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

Glyph origin[edit]

A variant of .

Etymology[edit]

“how; why”
Possibly a contraction of (OC *nak) and (OC *tə), as in 若之何 (ruòzhīhé) (Pulleyblank, 1995, p. 34).
“nano-”
Borrowed from English nano-.

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • ta/tai/tā - vernacular (limited, e.g. 無奈何);
  • nāi - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (8) (8)
Final () (25) (94)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I I
Fanqie
Baxter najH naH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/nɑiH/ /nɑH/
Pan
Wuyun
/nɑiH/ /nɑH/
Shao
Rongfen
/nɑiH/ /nɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/najH/ /naH/
Li
Rong
/nɑiH/ /nɑH/
Wang
Li
/nɑiH/ /nɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/nɑiH/ /nɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
nài nuò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
naai6 no6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
nài
Middle
Chinese
‹ najH ›
Old
Chinese
/*nˁa[t]-s/
English cope with

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 9349 9350
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*naːls/ /*naːds/

Definitions[edit]

  1. how; why (used in rhetorical questions)
  2. to bear; to stand; to endure
  3. [from 1985] (Taiwan) nano- (SI unit prefix)
    Synonym: () (Mainland China)

See also[edit]

SI prefix
Last Next
(wēi) / ()

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. Abbreviation of 奈良: the city of Nara
  2. what
  3. (obsolete) apple tree

Readings[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
Grade: 4
Alternative spelling

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

(からなし) or (カラナシ) (karanashi

  1. Obsolete form of 唐梨 (red apple).
  2. (by extension) Obsolete spelling of 林檎 (apple)

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
Grade: 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

(いかん) (ikan

  1. Alternative form of 奈何 (what)

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC najH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 어찌 (eojji nae))

  1. Hanja form? of (but; how).

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC naH).

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

(eumhun 어찌 (eojji na))

  1. Hanja form? of (but; how).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

: Hán Nôm readings: nại, nhự

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.