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U+5DE6, 左
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DE6

[U+5DE5]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5DE7]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
5 strokes

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 48, +2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大一 (KM), four-corner 40011, composition 𠂇)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 325, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8720
  • Dae Jaweon: page 626, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 411, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5DE6

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𠂇
𢀡


Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Originally written 𠂇 in the oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – a left hand. Compare (“right hand”).

Late bronze inscription forms show an added (“work; to assist?”) component, making the current form a phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ʔsaːlʔ, *ʔsaːls) and ideogrammic compound (會意会意): phonetic 𠂇 (, left hand) + semantic (work), representing the original form of (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist”).

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with (OC *ʔsaːls, “to assist”) (< be on one's left side); mirror of the semantic relationship between (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “right”) and (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to assist”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Unrelated to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b(w)aj (left (hand)) (STEDT).

“(politics) left-wing”
Semantic loan from English left, in turn a semantic loan from French gauche.

Pronunciation 1[edit]


Note:
  • Quanzhou:
    • chó - vernacular;
    • chó͘ - literary.
  • (Teochew)
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡suo²¹⁴/
    Harbin /t͡suo²¹³/
    Tianjin /t͡suo¹³/
    Jinan /t͡suə²¹/
    Qingdao /t͡suə²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /t͡suo⁵³/
    Xi'an /t͡suo⁵³/
    Xining /t͡su⁵³/
    Yinchuan /t͡suə⁵³/
    Lanzhou /t͡suə⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /t͡suɤ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /t͡suo⁴²/
    Chengdu /t͡so⁵³/
    Guiyang /t͡so⁴²/
    Kunming /t͡so⁵³/
    Nanjing /t͡so²¹²/
    Hefei /t͡sʊ²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡sɤ⁵³/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕie̞³⁵/
    Hohhot /t͡suɤ⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡su³⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡səu⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /t͡so⁵³/
    Wenzhou /t͡sɤu³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /t͡so³⁵/
    Tunxi /t͡so³¹/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡so⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /t͡so⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡so²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡so³¹/
    Taoyuan /t͡so³¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɔ³⁵/
    Nanning /t͡sɔ³⁵/
    Hong Kong /t͡sɔ³⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡so⁵³/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡so³²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sɔ²¹/
    Shantou (Teochew) /t͡so⁵³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /to²¹³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (13)
    Final () (94)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter tsaX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /t͡sɑX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /t͡sɑX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /t͡sɑX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /t͡saX/
    Li
    Rong
    /t͡sɑX/
    Wang
    Li
    /t͡sɑX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /t͡sɑX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    zuǒ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    zo2
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    zuǒ
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ tsaX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*tsˁa[j]ʔ/
    English left (side)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 18004
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ʔsaːlʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. left (direction)
        ―  zuǒshǒu  ―  left hand
    2. east; areas to the east
        ―  jiāngzuǒ  ―  area east of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River
    3. (historical) inferior position
    4. unorthodox; wrong
    5. erroneously; mistakingly
        ―  Nǐ xiǎng zuǒ le.  ―  You are mistaken.
    6. different; divided; inconsistent
        ―  xiàngzuǒ  ―  to conflict with each other; to fail to agree
    7. (politics) left-wing
    8. (chemistry) levo-
      多巴  ―  zuǒduōbā  ―  levodopa
    9. (Sichuanese, of singing) out of tune; off-key
    10. (Southwestern Mandarin, including Sichuanese) to exchange
    11. (Eastern Min) devious, dishonest
    12. (Xiang) wrong; incorrect
    13. a surname
        ―  Zuǒ Zōngtáng  ―  Zuo Zongtang (Qing dynasty Chinese statesman and military leader)
    Usage notes[edit]

    In socialist nations e.g. mainland China, is usually (not necessarily) put in quotation marks when referring to the leftism further to the correct party line.

    Synonyms[edit]
    Antonyms[edit]
    • (yòu, “right”)

    Pronunciation 2[edit]



    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial () (13) (13)
    Final () (94) (94)
    Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division () I I
    Fanqie
    Baxter tsaX tsaH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /t͡sɑX/ /t͡sɑH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /t͡sɑX/ /t͡sɑH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /t͡sɑX/ /t͡sɑH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /t͡saX/ /t͡saH/
    Li
    Rong
    /t͡sɑX/ /t͡sɑH/
    Wang
    Li
    /t͡sɑX/ /t͡sɑH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /t͡sɑX/ /t͡sɑH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    zuǒ zuò
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    zo2 zo3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 2/3 3/3
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    zuǒ zuǒ
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ tsaX › ‹ tsaH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*tsˁa[j]ʔ/ /*tsˁarʔ-s/
    English assist assist

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 18004 18006
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1 1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ʔsaːlʔ/ /*ʔsaːls/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. Original form of (zuǒ, “to assist”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: () (sa)
    • Korean: 좌(左) (jwa)
    • Vietnamese: tả ()

    Others:

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    ひだり
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    /hidari/: *[pidari] → [ɸidari] → [çidari].

    From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *pintari.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (ひだり) (hidari

    1. (direction) left, the side of the left hand
      • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 229:
        Fidari. ヒダリ (左) 左手, または, 左の方
        (please add an English translation of this quotation)
      • 1999 August 10, “(ふう)(いん)されし(もの)(ひだり)(うで)”, in 幻の召喚神 [Phantom God], Konami:
        (ふう)(いん)された(ひだり)(うで)(ふう)(いん)()くと、()(げん)(ちから)()られる。
        Fūinsareta hidariude. Fūin o toku to, mugen no chikara o erareru.
        A sealed left arm. Whosoever breaks the seal shall earn infinite power.
    2. (politics) a leftist
    Antonyms[edit]
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    Middle Chinese

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    () (sa

    1. the left in vertical writing
    2. the following (one)
      • 190506, Natsume Sōseki, I Am a Cat (text here):
        (わが)(はい)はまず(かれ)がどのくらい()(がく)であるかを(ため)してみようと(おも)って()(もん)(どう)をして()た。
        Wagahai wa mazu kare ga dono kurai mugaku de aru ka o tameshite miyō to omotte sa no mondō o shite mita.
        To judge just how uneducated he was, I posed the following question.

    Prefix[edit]

    () (sa-

    1. to the left; on the left side
    2. (history, government) "of the left", senior or superior to (u-, of the right)
      ()()(もん)
      Saemon
      the Gate Guard of the Left
      ()(だい)(じん)
      Sadaijin
      the Minister of the Left

    References[edit]

    1. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
    2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC tsaX).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕwa̠(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (oen jwa))

    1. Hanja form? of (left (direction)).

    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

    Okinawan[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    ひじゃい
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    Etymology[edit]

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *pidari, from Proto-Japonic *pintari. Cognate with Japanese (hidari).

    Noun[edit]

    (ひじゃい) (hijai

    1. (direction) left

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: tả,

    1. left (direction)