於

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See also: 于
於 U+65BC, 於
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65BC
← 斻
[U+65BB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 施 →
[U+65BD]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Alternative forms[edit]

  • The Hong Kong standard form for this character is ⿸𭤨⺀, despite the fact that 於 is not related to 方 or 㫃 (see below).

Han character[edit]

於 (Kangxi radical 70, 方+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜尸人卜 (YSOY), four-corner 08233, composition ⿰方仒 (GTJKV) or ⿸𭤨⺀ (H))

Descendants[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 481, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13628
  • Dae Jaweon: page 843, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2175, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+65BC

Chinese[edit]

trad. 於/于*
simp. 于*
alternative forms 扵
The preposition senses.
simp. and trad.
 於
alternative forms 扵
Other senses.

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 於
Western Zhou Warring States Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (於) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
閼 *qran, *qeːn, *qaːd, *qad
菸 *qeːn, *qas
於 *qaː, *qa
淤 *qa, *qas
箊 *qa
唹 *qa
扵 *qa
瘀 *qas
棜 *qas

From an ancient variant form of 烏. Not related to 方 or 㫃.

Note the other uses of 于 (yú), the simplified and variant traditional form of the preposition senses.

Etymology[edit]

Preposition
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔaj (“to go; directional particle”) (Schuessler, 2007). It has slowly merged with and replaced the older 于 (OC *ɢʷa) (ibid.).
Prefix in 於菟／於檡／於兔／於䖘
Variant of 阿 (*qaːl, prefix in kinship terms and personal names) (ibid.).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note: yū - surname sense in Mainland.
Note:
  • surname:
    • Xiamen - u;
    • Quanzhou - ir;
    • Zhangzhou - î.
Note:
  • i1/e1 - preposition;
  • u1 - surname.
Rime
Character 於
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 央居切
Baxter 'jo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔɨə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiɔ/
Wang
Li 		/ĭo/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 於
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjo ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ʔ]a/
English at (locative preposition)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 於
Reading # 2/2
No. 15812
Phonetic
component 		於
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		於
Old
Chinese 		/*qa/

Definitions[edit]

於

  1. (indicates time or place) in; at; on
    Synonym: 在
    生於1980年／生于1980年  ―  shēng yú 1980 nián  ―  born in 1980
    峰會將於北京舉行。 [MSC, trad.]
    峰会将于北京举行。 [MSC, simp.]
    Fēnghuì jiāng yú běijīng jǔxíng. [Pinyin]
    The summit will be held in Beijing.
  2. (used before a noun to indicate the object of an action) with; on
    求助於人／求助于人  ―  qiúzhù yú rén  ―  to ask people for help
    不滿足於現狀／不满足于现状  ―  bù mǎnzú yú xiànzhuàng  ―  not satisfied with the status quo
    有益於健康／有益于健康  ―  yǒuyì yú jiànkāng  ―  good for health
    己所不欲，勿施於人。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    己所不欲，勿施于人。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Jǐ suǒ bù yù, wù shī yú rén. [Pinyin]
    Do not do unto others what you would not like others to do unto yourself.
  3. (used before a noun, verb or adjective to indicate the target of action) to
    獻身於革命事業／献身于革命事业  ―  xiànshēn yú gémìng shìyè  ―  to be devoted to the revolution
    致力於創新／致力于创新  ―  zhìlì yú chuàngxīn  ―  to be committed to innovation
    病情趨向於穩定。 [MSC, trad.]
    病情趋向于稳定。 [MSC, simp.]
    Bìngqíng qūxiàng yú wěndìng. [Pinyin]
    The condition [of the patient] is stabilizing.
  4. (indicates beginning or source) from
    源於／源于  ―  yuányú  ―  to originate from
    他畢業於復旦大學。 [MSC, trad.]
    他毕业于复旦大学。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā bìyè yú Fùdàn Dàxué. [Pinyin]
    He graduated from Fudan University.
  5. (indicates the agent of action) by
    限於條件／限于条件  ―  xiàn yú tiáojiàn  ―  limited by circumstances
  6. (indicates comparison) than
    血濃於水／血浓于水  ―  xuènóngyúshuǐ  ―  blood is thicker than water
    苛政猛於虎／苛政猛于虎  ―  kēzhèngměngyúhǔ  ―  oppressive governments are more terrible than tigers
  7. (used after a verb or adjective) with regard to
    至於／至于  ―  zhìyú  ―  as to
    屬於／属于  ―  shǔyú  ―  to belong to
    樂於助人／乐于助人  ―  yuè yú zhùrén  ―  to be willing to help others
    敢於承擔責任／敢于承担责任  ―  gǎn yú chéngdān zérèn  ―  to dare to assume responsibility
  8. a surname

Usage notes[edit]

The surname 於 is to be distinguished from another surname 于. The character 於 is never simplified if it is used for surname.

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Rime
Character 於
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 哀都切
Baxter 'u
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔuo/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔuo/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔo/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔɔ/
Li
Rong 		/ʔo/
Wang
Li 		/u/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wu1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 於
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wū
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔu ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ʔ]ˁa/
English oh!

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 於
Reading # 1/2
No. 15810
Phonetic
component 		於
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		烏
Old
Chinese 		/*qaː/

Definitions[edit]

於

  1. Alternative form of 烏／乌 (“crow; raven”)
  2. Alternative form of 嗚／呜 (wū, “alas!; oh!”)
  3. Used in 於菟／於檡／於兔／於䖘 (wūtú, “tiger”).

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

於

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. in (defines a place, a moment, a concept in order to describe its relationship with the surroundings)

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Hanja[edit]

於 (eumhun 어조사 어 (eojosa eo))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 2[edit]

Hanja[edit]

於 (eumhun 감탄사 오 (gamtansa o))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

於: Hán Việt readings: ư[1][2][3]
於: Nôm readings: ơ[1][2][3][4], ở[1][2][3][4], ưa[1][2][3][4], ờ[1][2][3], ư[1][3], ớ[1][3], ô[3], ứ[3], thờ[3]

  1. Nôm form of ở (“to be; to live; to stay; to remain”).

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hồ (1976).
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